Flight of the rising sun
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The biggest success of the Soviet Union 12 April 1961, the output man in space requires specific comments clarifying its place in the history of the world.
Rapture before Gagarin’s courage often obscures other facets of his feat. The risk of the first flight was huge, but you can not say that Yury just played (and won) in the “Russian roulette” with four cartridges in the revolver drum! The probability of death of the ship “Vostok-1″ was evaluated as 5 to 7, taking into account the probability of an accident: 1) rockets at start (emergency rescue system at the start has not been provided); 2) of the spaceship 1K series.
Photo: From personal archive
The previous program statistics, 7 launches 2 accident launch vehicle, from 5 improved flight successful only 3 (of these three before Gagarin’s flight successful – two). Academician Chertok believed that the probability of a successful return to the Gagarin was 50%: “If today was put on the landfill” Vostok “and all the major modern (constructors) looked at him – no one would vote to launch such an unreliable vehicle. Today I had this (on a flight permit “East 1″) would not have signed. Got a great experience and I realized how much we risked. »
Characteristic flight May 15, 1960 the first ship 1K UAV. Due to the failure of the infrared sensor vertically instead of the brake pulse was overclocking. The ship went into orbit with an apogee of 690 km, and returned to Earth (burned in the atmosphere) is only October 15, 1965 th – already passed when the whole five-year manned space flight! But Korolev was then almost happy: it was the first in the history of maneuver in orbit
That’s the true key to the assessment of Gagarin: to his successful flight – 3 out of 7, and then – all the “Vostok” and “sunrises! “safely returned. (Cosmonaut Komarov was killed on a ship of the new series -. “Soyuz»)
In the era of Gagarin was virtually no telemetry, real work / not working for fairly most systems first became known for monitoring and management of the first man on board. This is the essence of scientific feat, a breakthrough in the history of mankind. Strictly formulating, we can say: 108 Gagarin minutes were a period when the growth rate (acceleration) scientific, technological, human knowledge was in the twentieth century, the maximum
Self-control has not changed him, and when on board was very good. , went to emergency situations. Brake propulsion system did not give impetus, unintended separation compartments … 10 minutes before entering the atmosphere of “Vostok-1″ randomly tumbling – 1 turn / second. Disclaimer breathing valve put an astronaut on the brink of death … Reports from orbit plus a detailed report on the Earth, follow the conversation on the state commission provided the required feedback transformed “Russian roulette” in the normal, though still most dangerous branch of technology.
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in the context of the twentieth century ( “cold” information war …) in addition to the events themselves, a fact of great importance is their reflection in the consciousness of humanity – a moral and political “tail.” Yuri Gagarin in fact revealed to the world not only space, but to a large extent and the USSR. He became its representative in the public mind.
In the book “The Middle Far. Anticipation of destiny “based on their own experiences, eyewitness, I fixed the value of the success of the Soviet space program in the public consciousness of Japan of the 1960s.
In 1962 Japan issued about 20% annual growth of GDP – a record so far not beaten any of the “Asian tigers”. In those same years, Japan has emerged among the major trading partners of the USSR. The nation was on the rise, interest in science and technology – a huge, which makes the characteristic, an important Japanese perception of the cosmic triumph
Just a week after the flight of Belka and Strelka (19 August 1960), a huge number of children Tokyo. They wore T-shirts with a picture missiles (like their children draw – tapered tube with two portholes, where photos of our dogs)
The visit of 1962 in Japan Yuri Gagarin ultraboundary caused a stir.. Only a wedding, birth of a child in the imperial family could theoretically be compared with him. But nothing in 1962 not happened, and the main event of the year in Japan became Gagarin visit
My father, Nikolai Prokhorovich Shumeyko working in the technical commission had public order:. To avoid conflicts, misunderstandings help Soviet Japanese colleagues to buy different gadgets. The main “hit” was 8-mm movie camera. In 1960, he took a Anastas Mikoyan, who led the famous Soviet exhibition in Tokyo (with the purchase of Anastas Ivanovich sent his son). In 1962, he had to walk with Yuri Gagarin in several stores.
The shop owner is very photographed and asked to take a camera as a gift. But letting a few shots, Yury, of course, paid for the purchase. The selected camera is very liking Gagarin – filming became his favorite hobby. At many events, including “New Year’s coal fire in Ostankino”, he was captured with her
In the Soviet trade mission in Tokyo was a kindergarten -. Only one in all socialist countries. In the groups other than the Soviet children were Hungarians, Poles, Germans. And when told that the reception in honor of Gagarin is in the trade mission, the entire diplomatic corps world hook-crook, acquaintances, “diplomatic” intrigues tried to break through. The fortunate of the socialist camp terribly proud of: they were missing something (lead-taken children). Record 1962 to “packed full” of the building trade mission certainly not beaten to this day
Choosing a room, people ran -. To a concentration of rush hour on the subway – and then invited Gagarin waited this time with us, children in the room under the stairs. He was a member, became the center of the crowd; three to five minutes fotokanonady magnesium – and he came to us
With children Yury communicated well -. we were celebrating a holiday of the major visit. When hard remove the previous, launched a new command, maneuver (Gagarin invitation) was repeated. Witnesses capture the atmosphere of riotous joy, shouts: “Comrades! Comrades! A bit ago back off! ! A little to the right, comrades .. »
As is typical, the British, the French, the Americans on the” comrades “in the day to respond properly: dutifully fed back, parted right and left. Save pictures of welter: Now with great difficulty can be distinguished simply “friend” from “Mr friend» …
Of the adults evidence – memories doctor Zinaida Kosenko: “April 12 in the city of Fukuoka to us, yet who knew nothing , a man came up and bowed: “I heartily congratulate – are now received the news: Soviet man climbed into space!” Under the camphor trees ran a five-year boy, mother sitting on a bench. When he saw us, he stood up, bowed: “Please accept our admiration Gagarin”. Miner: “As soon as heard on the radio, have laid down their pennies and beer drink …” The seller of newspapers in Kobe joyfully shouted in Russian: “I eat porridge in Komsomolsk-on-Amur!” Very often we hear: “The Soviet people – new people … »
The cycle of exclusive articles about the space race,” Chinese Queen “comes online strategic culture Foundation.
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