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the United states, Russia and China in the past five years are the largest suppliers in the global arms market, according to the report of the Stockholm international peace research Institute (SIPRI).
at the same time, according to the Institute, Russia in 2014 and 2015 it supplied much less weapons abroad than in previous years, despite the fact that the Institute analysts take into account the supply of weapons to armed groups of Donetsk and Lugansk “people’s republics” in Ukraine.
The current study SIPRI considers the period from 2011 to 2015 inclusive, comparing it with the period 2006-2010. At the same time, it reflects only the total volume of arms deliveries, without touching the sides of the financial transactions. Evaluated only the activity of each country within five years.
China, which is the second time is in third place among exporters, it has become “the bronze medal” in the ranking of arms importers. The first and second largest importer occupy India and Saudi Arabia.
In general, analysts say, the volume of arms sales in 2011-2015 around the world has grown from the previous five-year period by 14 percent.
at the same time increased the volume of arms deliveries to Asia and Oceania, and the Middle East, has severely declined in Europe and slightly decreased in Latin America.
in the five largest suppliers (top three with France and Germany) accounted for 74% of the global arms market.
“Average temperature in the hospital”
during the period from 2011 to 2015 exports (commercial and non-commercial ) Russian arms raised in relation to the 2006-2010 year by 28%.
If in 2006-10. Russia accounted for 22% of all military supplies in the world, for the period 2011-15 it has already held a quarter of the market.
However, such impressive numbers on closer examination show a tendency to decrease the volume of deliveries.
This decline occurred in 2014-2015. In these two years, Russian arms exports corresponded to the level of 2001-2006,
The reduction of export also becomes clear when one compares the current data with the data of last year’s report, which covers the period from 2010 to 2014 -. In the last five years exports Russia accounted for 27% of the world.
in other words, the reduction of military supplies in 2014 and 2015 have affected the long-term performance.
As suggested by the military expert Alexander Golts, it may be because, that during this period dropped arms sales to India and China.
“Russia at some point, was not ready to deliver to India and China that needed for these countries. There are different situations. If we talk about China, Russia will require guarantees of intellectual property rights The Indians also want high-tech products “, -. says expert
in any case, says Alexander Golts, Russia in a difficult economic situation will be more accommodating and agree on high-tech supply it. countries.
Another military expert – browser Internet publication “Ribbon .Ru “Ilya Kramnik notes that these results look strange against the background of the supply of arms to Syria, Iraq and other countries that have taken place in recent years.
in Syria delivered a large number of weapons is really late, and these deliveries even received the informal name “Syrian express”.
in this case, the SIPRI, as claimed in the Institute, takes into account not only the sale of arms, but also the transfer of licenses for the production and even gratuitous transfer of weapons to other countries.
in any case, both experts believe that Russia in the coming years is unlikely to cede its position on the arms market, holding it second only to the US.
The course on Asia
over the past five years, Russia has supplied arms to 50 countries, as well as anti-government armed groups in the east of Ukraine.
at the same time 39% of exports were in India and China and Vietnam have received 11% of Russian military supplies.
What is the percentage fell to supply so-called DNR and LNR, Swedish Institute does not specify.
The majority of Russian arms exports accounted for the countries of South East Asia (68 %), followed by Africa (11%), Middle East (8.2%), Europe (6,4%).
According to the report, Europe has become less import weapons, but Russia’s exports to this part light rose, mainly due to the deliveries to Azerbaijan, which was exported in the last years 4.9% of Russia’s total.
US
The share USA in total world supply of arms, according to SIPRI, 33%.
compared with the previous five-year period the export of arms from the United States grew by 27 percent. US supplied weapons to 96 countries.
Last year’s report, which is considered the period from 2010 to 2014 featured the figure of 31%.
The main customers of American gunsmiths became Saudi Arabia (9.7%), United Arab Emirates (9.1%) and Turkey (6.6%).
at the regional level, most US supplied weapons to the Middle East (41%) and in Asia and Oceania (40%). Exports to Europe amounted to only 9,9%
A feature of US exports is a large percentage of air -. 59% of the total list of weapons
Chinese imports and exports.
China has appeared in the top three on the basis of supply since 2010-2014.
compared to the previous five years it has grown from 3.6 to 5.9 percent. In the period from 2010 to 2014, on average, the figure was 5%.
From 2011 to 2015, China’s armed the 37 states. The leaders in this list are the states bordering with India – Pakistan (35% of Chinese exports), Bangladesh (20%) and Burma (16%)
China mainly supplies weapons to Asian countries.
as for arms imports, China and then turned third after India and Saudi Arabia, get weapons, mainly from Russia (59% of total imports), France (15%) and Ukraine (14%).
The monetary
SIPRI deliberately does not publish data in terms of money, estimating a delivery volumes. The institute is considered the financial performance rather unreliable indicator because the state can manipulate the figures, which made public.
This, in turn, can explain and discrepancy analysis of the results, based on the financial performance, the fact that evaluate the volumes supply.
Financial indicators may reflect the number of transactions for a certain period, the direct payment of money or arms supplies under contracts that, according to critics of the method of calculation introduces inaccuracy in the result of the analysis.
Critics of the method, which uses the SIPRI, say that it is rather difficult to compare the volumes of very different weapons.
“The question arises, how to compare, for example, an elephant and a whale? If we take the entire market of military equipment, and we believe share, how do we compare the ships and missile systems? “- asks Ilya Kramnik
Meanwhile, according to estimates of the US Congress, published by the New York Times in late December, the US proceeds from the sale of weapons increased from. 26.7 billion dollars in 2013 to 36.2 billion in 2014.
According to the same information, in 2014 the United States controlled more than half of the arms market, and the main buyers were Qatar, Saudi Arabia and South Korea.
the second place in the Congress study appears Russia, which, according to the report, in 2014, earned 10.2 billion dollars against 10.3 billion in 2013.
the third place went to Sweden (5.5 billion dollars), after it is France (4.4 billion) and China (2.2 billion).
The Russian “Centre for analysis of world arms trade” leads preliminary estimates for 2015 according to which the US market leader earned 41.5 billion dollars (44.755 of the total market).
according to TSAMTO in 2014 earned 31.5 billion US, which differs from the indicators of the US Congress.
The second place in the ranking of the Russian agency of Russia, which, according to him, has earned 13.9 billion dollars in 2015.
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