On the “straight line”, held on Thursday, April 16, Russian President Vladimir Putin recognized the possibility of increasing the retirement age, although it has furnished a number of conditions. RIA “Omsk-Inform” to figure out what is the Russian pension system and when to wait for raising the retirement age.
How many pensioners in the country?
All in Russia in 2015 are 42.7 million pensioners people. Most of them – old-age pensioners, about 2.4 million – disability, 1.3 million – a survivor. Of the 3.3 million pensioners people – former officials, military and law enforcement personnel, whose pensions are calculated in a specific order. Another 3 million receive social pensions, because they do not work and do not even have accumulated five years of pensionable service.
Where does the money for pensions?
The Pension Fund consists of payments that the employer pays for each employee (22% of salary) and transfers from the federal budget, which is needed because of payments current workers is not enough to feed the current retirees. Pension Fund budget for 2015 amounted to 7.163 trillion rubles. This is really a huge amount compared to the Olympics in Sochi has been spent 1.5 trillion, including the construction of the entire infrastructure. Moreover, almost three trillion to pay pensions have to cover the budget rather from the National Welfare Fund, which receives taxes on oil production.
In 2002, a law was passed, according to which for people born in 1967 and younger introduces the “cumulative” part of the pension. Of the pension contributions of citizens (22% of salary), 16% came to the Pension Fund and went on pensions for current retirees, and 6% were “funded part.” They lay on the account name, which, at the request of the future pensioner, manage, and public or private pension funds.
According to the authors of the reform, the money should have been “cool” in the economy, bringing future pensioners increase at the expense of which would, since 2027, been paid to increase in their pension. Due to the fact that the money would not be spent, and “cool” in the accounts, compounded by the Pension Fund deficit. Recently, the social unit of the Russian government were voices – not cancel if funded pensions and lay down whether this money into a common pot of the Pension Fund? Then we would not have to raise the retirement age and.
Why does the finance minister wants to raise the retirement age?
Recently, government officials are increasingly talking about the need to raise the retirement age. Just recently, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said that «demographic situation in the country is such that if the present threshold of 55 years for women and 60 for men soon will not be enough young workers and citizens to feed seniors. An urgent need to address the issue of cancellation of early retirement and raising the retirement age. ”
Officials propose to increase the retirement age to 65 years (some up to 63 years) and for men and women.
Indeed, now retired out numerous generation of 50-ies of birth, and in working life includes paucity generation of the 90s. By the same life expectancy increases, the average is 71.5 years (males – 65.5 years, women 77.5 years). Costs are rising, falling deductions, and more and more necessary to subsidize the pension fund. What is particularly worrying officials – grants come from the “oil” of money from the National Welfare Fund. Today oil prices are reasonable, and tomorrow may collapse, and with them the whole pension system. Then we’ll obkladyvat unaffordable fees and so frail non-oil sector of the economy, and eventually strangle him.
Firstly, there is still a lot of reserves to replenish the Pension Fund and make it bezdotatsionnyh. The government estimates that about 20 million able-bodied citizens generally do not pay into the fund, because they work without registration and get paid “black cash».
Another paper saving – early retirement who receive workers in hazardous industries. Now early pensions spent about 450 billion rubles. Like, if employers use workers in hazardous industries, so it is necessary to oblige themselves to pay for early retirement. There are also proposals to raise contributions from paid workers and cut pensions to them, if they are reaching retirement age, continue to work. Well, it is assumed, as already mentioned, to give a general “pot” funded part of pensions.
Opponents of raising the retirement age say that the savings resulting increase will not be much. The health status of the elderly is that many, deprived of old-age pension, will execute her disability. A healthy still can not find jobs and will receive unemployment benefits. Those lucky that they will continue to work, will often take sick leave. And, of course, is inhumane to send men whose average life expectancy of 65.5 years, with work almost immediately to the cemetery.
What is the retirement age in other countries?
“Soviet” retirement age (60 years – men, 55 – women) survived to the present time only in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. And Ukraine will soon leave this list. That’s what the retirement age in some countries (through the sign “/” Set age for men and women).
- Japan – 70
Denmark – 67
Norway – 67
Austria – 65
Armenia – 65/63
Belgium – 65/62
UK – 65/60
Germany – 65
Greece – 65/60
Georgia – 65/60
Spain – 65
Italy – 65/60
Canada – 65
Poland – 65/60
USA – 65
France – 65/60
Switzerland – 65/64
Sweden – 65
Netherlands – 51
Kazakhstan – 63/58
Kyrgyzstan – 63/58
Tajikistan – 63/58
Lithuania – 62,5 / 58,5
Azerbaijan – 62/57
Moldova – 62/57
Hungary, the Czech Republic – 62
Russian , Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan – 60/55
Of course, the size of pensions in the United States and the European Union (except Bulgaria and Romania) are significantly higher than in Russia, and life expectancy is longer. Remains calm himself by comparison with Ukraine and Central Asia.
What do people think?
According to the latest opinion poll, against raising the retirement age to 80% of the respondents were in favor, 72% opposed the freezing funded pension, 75% – against the abolition of pensions to working pensioners. Funded part of pension 52% of our fellow citizens have entrusted to the Pension Fund, and only 21% of pensioners carried savings in private pension funds.
What Putin said?
Responding to a question posed to him on the “straight line, the president said the following:
– Are we ready for that to take today and dramatically raise the retirement age? I believe not. With increasing life expectancy, we probably had once come to address these issues, including the retirement age. It is necessary for people to understand what causes it, what can cause inaction and failure to take timely decisions.
The life expectancy of our growing, but still men today is 65 and a half years. Well it is, if we raise the retirement age to 65, then you’ll excuse me for the simplicity of expression, it would mean that the person has worked in wood mac and went. In the majority of countries where the retirement age is increased, life expectancy greater than the Russian.
In 2008, the transfer of the federal budget to the pension system was about 1.049 trillion rubles, and in 2016, especially if the money will be refunded to the funded part, it should reach 2.7 trillion rubles – this is 3% of GDP.
The number of those people who work becomes less, and those who use the pension system – all the more. At some point, it may reach a situation where the support tools directly become unaffordable for the budget.
If and to change the retirement age, it should not touch the people close to retirement age. This should be a soft entry into the system mature, but enough young people who will understand what they can expect in 10-15 years. This should be deferred decision.
When will raise the retirement age?
It is clear that before the next presidential election in 2018 to take a very unpopular decision to increase the retirement age, no one will. Most likely, the decision will be made in 2019 or 2020. As already blabbed officials, raising supposed to make smooth. That is, each year the retirement age will rise by 4 or 6 months, until it reaches 65 years of age (according to other plans, up to 63 years). And if, as Putin said, still spared people close to retirement age, what more time people will retire in the old way. 10-15 years or less?
Prepared Ivan Kasimov
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