National Guard Director and Chief of the Federal service of troops Viktor Zolotov
The National Guard, which was conceived to deal with the protests, eventually got more and counterterrorism functions, and its powers will be overlap with the FSB. This is a great victory for Viktor Zolotov, says expert
What created the National Guard under?
The National Guard is created based on the Interior Ministry said President Vladimir Putin at a meeting with Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev, commander of Interior Ministry troops, Viktor Zolotov, Federal Drug Control Service Director Viktor Ivanov and first Deputy Director of the Federal Migration Service Ekaterina Egorova. He headed by the National Guard under Zolotov. According to the decree of the president, his position is now officially called the “Director and Chief of the Federal Service of the troops of the National Guard.” According to the status it is equivalent to the federal minister and joined the Russian Security Council.
President’s Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov, in a conversation with RBC noted that the National Guard will be subordinated directly to Putin.
According to the presidential decree, the National Guard is to maintain public order, to fight terrorism and extremism, to participate in the territorial defense of the country, to protect important state objects and special loads, helping FSB on the border and enforce the legislation in the sphere of arms trafficking in the field of private security.
«One of the most important tasks, which gave the Guards, – the fight against organized crime, as a separate line in the Interior Ministry, it has been lost since 2008 – since the abolition of the UBOP . Such an agency could not exist without the operational component, and it is in the BB is – they have their own intelligence, “- says the vice-president of the Duma’s security committee Alexander Hinstein.
RBC source in the presidential administration said that the National Guard under the work will help to centralize a number of separate power units, belonged until now to the structure of the Ministry of Interior. This service will make it easier to manage, the source said RBC.
The project to establish the National Guard for about four years, said political analyst Yevgeny Minchenko. Initially it was assumed that the first and foremost at the National Guard will be protective function (why its leaders and other main guard President): combating riots, prevention and liquidation of mass disorders. But in the end the National Guard under the function expanded, which means more hardware victory Zolotov, says the expert.
Who will be in the Guard?
Internal forces are converted into the National Guard under the troops. They will include all the special forces, according to a presidential decree.
The total number of Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2015 was little more than a million people. Of these, about 170 thousand. Were internal forces that have been deployed almost throughout the country.
The document says that in the new Federal Service of troops of the National Guard are included units of SWAT and riot police, Special Operations Center Rapid Reaction Force and aviation security and observation technologies, in particular the Centre for special purpose private security Interior Ministry, Interior Ministry, who engaged in the monitoring of compliance with legislation in the sphere of arms trafficking in the field of private security activities, as well as the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Security”, which provides services for the paramilitary and the physical protection and the installation and maintenance of security equipment.
The creation of the National Guard does not require an increase in staffing levels, not to require an increase in the unit, and anything else, said Peskov, answering the question of RBC.
Since all training facilities and landfills will be transferred from the MIA to the National Guard under the costs of the budget will be minimal, RBC believes the source in law enforcement. With this opinion agrees chairman of the Police Trade Union Association of Russian Alexei Lobarev. According to him, the training base will be simply transferred to the National Guard, to build new facilities do not have.
Earlier, the Interior Ministry has repeatedly complained about the lack of funding. In the discussion in the State Duma of the budget for 2016. Deputy Interior Minister Alexander Mahoney noted that the department lacks 41 billion rubles. Lack of funds caused by, in particular, reductions in the department and payments to employees who leave the ranks of the Interior Ministry.
According Hinstein no secret that in the Interior Ministry internal troops did not receive the required amount of funds for modernization, to provide technical facilities, etc. Now, this situation will change. The independence of the National Guard under can including make life easier for the Ministry of Interior, since the Ministry of high current deficit -. More than 120 billion rubles, says Hinstein
Who is Viktor Zolotov <.? / span>
In May 2014, Putin appointed Zolotova first Deputy Minister of internal Affairs, the commander in chief of Interior Ministry troops, after six months, he worked as first Deputy Commander of explosives. Prior to his appointment to the Ministry of Internal Affairs Zolotov 13 years worked in the Federal Guard Service (FSO), and was the head of the Presidential Security Service. Manage the Presidential Guard Zolotov was appointed by Putin after his arrival in the Kremlin in 2000.
Putin knew Zolotov from the 1990s -. Then Zolotov guarded St. Petersburg Mayor Anatoly Sobchak, Putin, who was a deputy. As reported by the “Novaya Gazeta”, he began his career gold in the 9th Directorate of the KGB, which was later converted to FSO. Zolotov Graduated from the Law Institute and the Academy of the General Staff.
«The president and commander in chief does not assign people to lead the security forces, without experiencing them personal trust”, – Peskov said, answering the question whether the Kremlin special trust to Zolotov .
This is a serious hardware enhancement Zolotov, he became among the most influential security officials, said Minchenko. The expert recalled that the growing influence of immigrants from the FSO has been evident in recent years, and especially in recent months, several former colleagues Zolotova occupied important positions in the Ministry of Internal Affairs after his conflict with the FSB, and the governor of the Tula area was Alex Dyumin. . Close to this group, and not so long ago led the Krasnodar region Veniamin Kondratyev
Place the main protective agencies are not vacant – for this role claimed by both the FSB and FSO, but the new structure headed by Zolotov, precisely because of its novelty can be a greater mandate of trust, he stressed in a conversation with RBC analyst Mikhail Vinogradov.
As the National Guard under will cooperate with the FSB?
It is difficult to say whether to change the powers of other services and departments in connection with the advent of the National Guard, said the sand on the question of whether the powers do not overlap National Guard under with the FSB and other agencies. “We can confidently say that definitely need to improve the legal and regulatory framework will need to make some changes in the laws, and we are not talking about one or two laws,” – he said the president’s press secretary <. / p>
National Guard functions would overlap with the functions of the Federal Security Service, points out the head of the Moscow police Mikhail Pashkin union. In a conversation with RBC, he noted that the fight against terrorism is now legislated as a prerogative of the FSB. To connect to the National Guard under counter-terrorism, need to change the law.
However, it is unclear why the new structure should duplicate the powers of the FSB, stressed Pashkin. “Does this mean that the FSB bad fight against terrorism? And whether in addition to the security functions in the National Guard under still operational and search, without which it is impossible to fight terrorism? While there are more questions than answers, “- Pashkin said. “If the National Guard under will only perform police tasks that before it put the Interior Ministry, the Federal Security Service, Customs and others, the problems should not occur”, – added Pashkin
FSB Major General retired Vasily Eremenko believes. the National Guard took over the functions of the internal troops, will conduct large-scale operations in the country. “If the FSB is struggling with individual, holding terrorists that train attack in the subway or train station, the new army unit will face a major terrorist groups, such as, for example, banned in Russia faction LIH” – says Eremenko in conversation with RBC
who else has guards?
The closest Russian example is the creation of the National Guard in Kazakhstan. In April 2014, President Nursultan Nazarbayev decided to convert the internal troops of the National Guard. In addition to renaming, little has changed: the new service has remained subordinate to the Interior Ministry, headed by its last leader of the Internal Troops, General Ruslan Zhaksylykov
In 2015, in an interview with the Russian newspaper “Red Star” Zhaksylykov admitted that for the fighters the National Guard under fixed in. basically the same problem as that of military explosives Kazakhstan. Among these obligations: protection of public order, maintenance of goods, border guards to help, participate in special operations of other law enforcement agencies, escorting prisoners and other tasks. Similar functions are performed by the National Guard in some other CIS countries such as Kyrgyzstan
The second type of military forces on the territory of the former Soviet Union, known as the National Guard, -. Is a service for the protection of high-ranking officials and personally the head of state, a kind of presidential regiment. According to this principle works in the National Guard under Azerbaijan and Tajikistan. In Georgia, in addition to this, the National Guard deals with military mobilization:. Taking into account the reserve and help in carrying out the call
National Guard under Ukraine also formed on the basis of the internal troops, but has much more power. It performs all of the above functions as the protection of public order and public officials, as well as the mobilization of the organization, carrying out of counter-terrorism measures, and even participate in hostilities
The term “National Guard” appeared at the initial stage of the French Revolution for. refer to groups that provide order to the streets of Paris. One of the first at the beginning of the XIX century is the name adopted Americans: US National Guard is equipped with military reservists who periodically mobilized to suppress the riots. One of the last of such cases began to riots in Ferguson in 2014, although there is the government used to support a local Missouri State Guard.
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